linux扩容根目录
sdb是要加入的硬盘
[root@cz-03 ~]# lsblk

NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  1.8T  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    2G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0  1.8T  0 part 
  └─centos-root 253:0    0  1.8T  0 lvm  /
sdb               8:16   0  1.8T  0 disk

操作步骤
1、使用 fdisk -l 查看硬盘序号，并用 fdisk 对硬盘操作，格式化成lvm的格式
[root@cz-03 ~]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sdb：214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节，419430400 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

磁盘 /dev/sda：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000069ba

设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：47.2 GB, 47240445952 字节，92266496 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节


磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：5368 MB, 5368709120 字节，10485760 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节

[root@cz-03 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x608072d8 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n

Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-419430399，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399，默认为 419430399)：
将使用默认值 419430399
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 200 GiB

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：t

已选择分区 1
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：
Hex 代码(输入 L 列出所有代码)：8e
已将分区“Linux”的类型更改为“Linux LVM”

命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。

2、重新识别磁盘
[root@cz-03 ~]# partprobe
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3.将刚刚的硬盘重新格式化，格式化为xfs格式
[root@cz-03 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=13107136 blks

     =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
     =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=52428544, imaxpct=25

     =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=25599, version=2

     =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
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4.使用lvm命令，对根目录进行扩容
4.1 进入lvm模式
[root@cz-03 ~]# lvm
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <49.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12543
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 12543
PV UUID uqeOzg-qRxV-HzxY-kyq1-WjQu-jIgf-Db52dV
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4.2 新建pv卷
lvm> pvcreate /dev/sdb1
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sdb1 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sdb1.
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
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4.3 再次查看pv卷，已经有两个pv卷了
lvm> pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <49.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12543
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 12543
PV UUID uqeOzg-qRxV-HzxY-kyq1-WjQu-jIgf-Db52dV

"/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<200.00 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name
PV Size <200.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID Ye5p9k-KQa7-fdc8-yITc-jWah-E9Up-UVz8RZ
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4.4 查看vg组
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <49.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12543
Alloc PE / Size 12543 / <49.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID asHWXn-Pqs4-vzR2-xs6u-tCMv-tcPV-8n3HI9
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4.5 将刚刚生成的pv卷 /dev/sdb1 加入到根目录所在的vg组：centos
lvm> vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
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4.6 再次查看，根目录所在的vg组：centos 已经扩容成功
lvm> vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 248.99 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 63742
Alloc PE / Size 12543 / <49.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 51199 / <200.00 GiB
VG UUID asHWXn-Pqs4-vzR2-xs6u-tCMv-tcPV-8n3HI9

看到vg size 增加到了248.99 GiB,Free PE size 也有了200.00 GiB(51199)的大小。（我们要增加的就是这个PE的大小！！）

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4.7 查看lv卷
lvm> lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID Bo1IOj-Ce01-FMTS-AJ1P-h11n-eYci-X7IiAu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-14 11:53:35 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

• currently set to 8192
  Block device 253:1

--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID T0HSKo-WS64-plXU-T0yx-WZRh-qEHU-hJ4AxX
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-14 11:53:36 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <44.00 GiB
Current LE 11263
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

• currently set to 8192
  Block device 253:0

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4.8 使用 lvextend 为根目录进行扩容
lvm> lvextend -l +51199 /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <44.00 GiB (11263 extents) to 243.99 GiB (62462 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.
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4.9 再次查看lv卷，LV Size 已经有243.99 GiB
lvm> lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID Bo1IOj-Ce01-FMTS-AJ1P-h11n-eYci-X7IiAu
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-14 11:53:35 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

• currently set to 8192
  Block device 253:1

--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID T0HSKo-WS64-plXU-T0yx-WZRh-qEHU-hJ4AxX
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-09-14 11:53:36 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 243.99 GiB
Current LE 62462
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto

• currently set to 8192
  Block device 253:0

lvm> exit
Exiting.
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4.10 扩容文件系统
[root@cz-03 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2883328 blks

     =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
     =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0

data = bsize=4096 blocks=11533312, imaxpct=25

     =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks

naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=5631, version=2

     =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1

realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 11533312 to 63961088
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4.11 扩容成功
[root@cz-03 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 25M 7.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 244G 2.4G 242G 1% /
/dev/sda1 1014M 150M 865M 15% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 0 1.6G 0% /run/user/0
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版权声明：本文为CSDN博主「九_天」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39316627/article/details/123042691